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[VOLCANO] A volcano is a  rupture  in the  crust  of a  planetary-mass object , such as  Earth , that allows hot  lava ,  volcanic ash , and  gases  to escape from a  magma chamber  below the surface. Earth's volcanoes occur because its crust is broken into 17 major, rigid  tectonic plates  that float on a hotter, softer layer in its mantle.Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are  diverging  or  converging , and most are found underwater. For example, a  mid-oceanic ridge , such as the  Mid-Atlantic Ridge , has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates whereas the  Pacific Ring of Fire  has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's plates, e.g., in the  East African Rift  and the  Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field  and  Rio Grande Rift  in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "plate hypothesis" volcani

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SDG: LIFE BELOW WATER